Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews (Apr 2022)

Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes Among a Large Midwestern U.S. Cohort of Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Prior to Vaccine Availability

  • Viviana Zlochiver,
  • Ana Cristina Perez Moreno,
  • Michael Peterson,
  • Khalil Odeh,
  • Ashley Mainville,
  • Katherine Busniewski,
  • Jon Wrobel,
  • Mohamed Hommeida,
  • Blair Tilkens,
  • Payal Sharma,
  • Hlu Vang,
  • Sara Walczak,
  • Fekadesilassie Moges,
  • Kritika Garg,
  • A. Jamil Tajik,
  • Suhail Q. Allaqaband,
  • Tanvir Bajwa,
  • M. Fuad Jan

DOI
https://doi.org/10.17294/2330-0698.1889
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 2
pp. 132 – 141

Abstract

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Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented demands on health care. This study aimed to characterize COVID-19 inpatients and examine trends and risk factors associated with hospitalization duration, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized at an integrated health system between February 2, 2020, and December 12, 2020. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records. Backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors of ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate relationships between ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. Results: Overall, 9647 patients were analyzed. Mean age was 64.6 ± 18 years. A linear decrease was observed for hospitalization duration (0.13 days/week, R2 = 0.71; P 65 years), males, Hispanics, and those with bacterial co-infections and chronic comorbidities. Although disease severity has steadily declined following administration of COVID-19 vaccines along with improved understanding of effective COVID-19 interventions, these study findings reflect a “natural history” for this novel infectious disease in the U.S. Midwest.

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