The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2023)
A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey
- Yashvi Sharma,
- Jesper Sollerman,
- Christoffer Fremling,
- Shrinivas R. Kulkarni,
- Kishalay De,
- Ido Irani,
- Steve Schulze,
- Nora Linn Strotjohann,
- Avishay Gal-Yam,
- Kate Maguire,
- Daniel A. Perley,
- Eric C. Bellm,
- Erik C. Kool,
- Thomas G. Brink,
- Rachel Bruch,
- Maxime Deckers,
- Richard Dekany,
- Alison Dugas,
- Alexei V. Filippenko,
- Samantha Goldwasser,
- Matthew J. Graham,
- Melissa L. Graham,
- Steven L. Groom,
- Matt Hankins,
- Jacob Jencson,
- Joel P. Johansson,
- Viraj Karambelkar,
- Mansi M. Kasliwal,
- Frank J. Masci,
- Michael S. Medford,
- James D. Neill,
- Guy Nir,
- Reed L. Riddle,
- Mickael Rigault,
- Tassilo Schweyer,
- Jacco H. Terwel,
- Lin Yan,
- Yi Yang,
- Yuhan Yao
Affiliations
- Yashvi Sharma
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Jesper Sollerman
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Christoffer Fremling
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Shrinivas R. Kulkarni
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Kishalay De
- ORCiD
- MIT-Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ido Irani
- ORCiD
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science , 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- Steve Schulze
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Nora Linn Strotjohann
- ORCiD
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science , 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- Avishay Gal-Yam
- ORCiD
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science , 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- Kate Maguire
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin , College Green, Dublin, Ireland
- Daniel A. Perley
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
- Eric C. Bellm
- ORCiD
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , 3910 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Erik C. Kool
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Thomas G. Brink
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA, 94720-3411, USA
- Rachel Bruch
- ORCiD
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science , 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- Maxime Deckers
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin , College Green, Dublin, Ireland
- Richard Dekany
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Alison Dugas
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
- Alexei V. Filippenko
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA, 94720-3411, USA
- Samantha Goldwasser
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science , 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- Matthew J. Graham
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Melissa L. Graham
- ORCiD
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , 3910 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Steven L. Groom
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Matt Hankins
- ORCiD
- Arkansas Tech University , Russellville, AR, 72801, USA
- Jacob Jencson
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0065, USA
- Joel P. Johansson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Viraj Karambelkar
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Mansi M. Kasliwal
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Frank J. Masci
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Michael S. Medford
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- James D. Neill
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Guy Nir
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA, 94720-3411, USA
- Reed L. Riddle
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Mickael Rigault
- ORCiD
- Université Clermont Auvergne , CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Tassilo Schweyer
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Jacco H. Terwel
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin , College Green, Dublin, Ireland; Isaac Newton Group (ING) , Apt. de correos 321, E-38700, Santa Cruz de La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
- Lin Yan
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- Yi Yang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA, 94720-3411, USA
- Yuhan Yao
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA ; [email protected]
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acbc16
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 948,
no. 1
p. 52
Abstract
Among the supernovae (SNe) that show strong interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM), there is a rare subclass of Type Ia supernovae, SNe Ia-CSM, which show strong narrow hydrogen emission lines much like SNe IIn but on top of a diluted Type Ia spectrum. The only previous systematic study of this class identified 16 SNe Ia-CSM, eight historic and eight from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Now using the successor survey to PTF, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we have classified 12 additional SNe Ia-CSM through the systematic Bright Transient Survey (BTS). Consistent with previous studies, we find these SNe to have slowly evolving optical light curves with peak absolute magnitudes between −19.1 and −21, spectra having weak H β and large Balmer decrements of ∼7. Out of the 10 SNe from our sample observed by NEOWISE, nine have 3 σ detections, with some SNe showing a reduction in the red wing of H α , indicative of newly formed dust. We do not find our SN Ia-CSM sample to have a significantly different distribution of equivalent widths of He i λ 5876 than SNe IIn as observed in Silverman et al. The hosts tend to be late-type galaxies with recent star formation. We derive a rate estimate of ${29}_{-21}^{+27}$ Gpc ^−3 yr ^−1 for SNe Ia-CSM, which is ∼0.02%–0.2% of the SN Ia rate. We also identify six ambiguous SNe IIn/Ia-CSM in the BTS sample and including them gives an upper limit rate of 0.07%–0.8%. This work nearly doubles the sample of well-studied Ia-CSM objects in Silverman et al., increasing the total number to 28.
Keywords
