Approach to Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome – A Narrative Review

Abstract

The term “Pulmonary-renal syndrome” is a clinical syndrome, which encompasses a group of disorders with distinctive clinical and radiological features suggestive of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. The most common etiologies implicated are antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ANCA ANCA-associated vasculitis and Goodpasture syndrome. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical for the management as patients can land up in severe respiratory distress and renal failure. A multi-disciplinary team is required for its management. The mainstay of treatment includes steroids, immunosuppressants, and plasmaphereses, depending on the etiology. Despite optimal management, mortality and morbidity remain high.

Keywords

• antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
• diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
• pulmonary-renal syndrome