Thoracic Cancer (Dec 2021)

The reversal of drug resistance by two‐dimensional titanium carbide Ti2C (2D Ti2C) in non‐small‐cell lung cancer via the depletion of intracellular antioxidant reserves

  • Yue Zhu,
  • Baiyan Sui,
  • Xin Liu,
  • Jiao Sun

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.14208
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 24
pp. 3340 – 3355

Abstract

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Abstract Background Chemoresistance is a major barrier limiting the therapeutic efficacy of late stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we sought to use two‐dimensional titanium carbide (2D Ti2C) to reverse cisplatin resistance in NSCLC. Methods We first achieved favorable properties as a potential anti‐tumor agent. We then compared cell viability and cisplatin uptake in chemoresistant NSCLC cells before and after the use of 2D Ti2C. Afterwards, we explored the effects of 2D Ti2C on intracellular antioxidant reserves, followed by evaluating the subsequent changes in the expression of core drug resistance genes. Finally, we confirmed the tumor inhibitory effect and bio‐safety of 2D Ti2C in a drug‐resistant lung cancer model in nude mice. Results Due to the properties of thin layer, large specific surface area, and abundant reactive groups on the surface, 2D Ti2C can deplete the antioxidant reserve systems such as the glutathione redox buffer system, γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐GCS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione‐S‐transferase‐Pi (GST‐π), and metallothionein (MT), thereby increasing the intracellular accumulation of cisplatin and decreasing the expression of drug resistance genes. Conclusions 2D Ti2C can reverse NSCLC chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it may potentially become a novel and effective means to treat chemoresistant NSCLC in the clinic.

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