The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
PHANGS–JWST First Results: Multiwavelength View of Feedback-driven Bubbles (the Phantom Voids) across NGC 628
- Ashley. T. Barnes,
- Elizabeth J. Watkins,
- Sharon E. Meidt,
- Kathryn Kreckel,
- Mattia C. Sormani,
- Robin G. Treß,
- Simon C. O. Glover,
- Frank Bigiel,
- Rupali Chandar,
- Eric Emsellem,
- Janice C. Lee,
- Adam K. Leroy,
- Karin M. Sandstrom,
- Eva Schinnerer,
- Erik Rosolowsky,
- Francesco Belfiore,
- Guillermo A. Blanc,
- Médéric Boquien,
- Jakob den Brok,
- Yixian Cao,
- Mélanie Chevance,
- Daniel A. Dale,
- Oleg V. Egorov,
- Cosima Eibensteiner,
- Kathryn Grasha,
- Brent Groves,
- Hamid Hassani,
- Jonathan D. Henshaw,
- Sarah Jeffreson,
- María J. Jiménez-Donaire,
- Benjamin W. Keller,
- Ralf S. Klessen,
- Eric W. Koch,
- J. M. Diederik Kruijssen,
- Kirsten L. Larson,
- Jing Li,
- Daizhong Liu,
- Laura A. Lopez,
- Eric J. Murphy,
- Lukas Neumann,
- Jérôme Pety,
- Francesca Pinna,
- Miguel Querejeta,
- Florent Renaud,
- Toshiki Saito,
- Sumit K. Sarbadhicary,
- Amy Sardone,
- Rowan J. Smith,
- Sophia K. Stuber,
- Jiayi Sun,
- David A. Thilker,
- Antonio Usero,
- Bradley C. Whitmore,
- Thomas G. Williams
Affiliations
- Ashley. T. Barnes
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121, Bonn, Germany ; [email protected]; European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 , D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Elizabeth J. Watkins
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Sharon E. Meidt
- ORCiD
- Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent , Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- Kathryn Kreckel
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Mattia C. Sormani
- ORCiD
- Universität Heidelberg, Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik , Albert-Ueberle-Straße 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Robin G. Treß
- ORCiD
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Galaxy Evolution and Spectral Modelling , EPFL, Observatoire de Sauverny, Chemin Pegais 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Simon C. O. Glover
- ORCiD
- Universität Heidelberg, Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik , Albert-Ueberle-Straße 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frank Bigiel
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121, Bonn, Germany ; [email protected]
- Rupali Chandar
- ORCiD
- Ritter Astrophysical Research Center, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Eric Emsellem
- ORCiD
- European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 , D-85748 Garching, Germany; Univ Lyon , Univ Lyon1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574, F-69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
- Janice C. Lee
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF's NO iRLab , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Adam K. Leroy
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Karin M. Sandstrom
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Eva Schinnerer
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Erik Rosolowsky
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Francesco Belfiore
- ORCiD
- INAFArcetri Astrophysical Observatory , Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125, Florence, Italy
- Guillermo A. Blanc
- ORCiD
- The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USA; Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Médéric Boquien
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astronomía (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta , Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
- Jakob den Brok
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121, Bonn, Germany ; [email protected]
- Yixian Cao
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) , Giessenbachstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Mélanie Chevance
- ORCiD
- Universität Heidelberg, Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik , Albert-Ueberle-Straße 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cosmic Origins Of Life (COOL) Research DAO, coolresearch.io
- Daniel A. Dale
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Oleg V. Egorov
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Cosima Eibensteiner
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Kathryn Grasha
- ORCiD
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia
- Brent Groves
- ORCiD
- International Center for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia , 7 Fairway, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
- Hamid Hassani
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
- Jonathan D. Henshaw
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
- Sarah Jeffreson
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
- María J. Jiménez-Donaire
- ORCiD
- Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN) , C/Alfonso XII, 3, E-28014 Madrid, Spain
- Benjamin W. Keller
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Memphis , 3720 Alumni Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- Ralf S. Klessen
- ORCiD
- Universität Heidelberg, Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik , Albert-Ueberle-Straße 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Universität Heidelberg , Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Eric W. Koch
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
- J. M. Diederik Kruijssen
- ORCiD
- Cosmic Origins Of Life (COOL) Research DAO, coolresearch.io
- Kirsten L. Larson
- ORCiD
- AURA for the European Space Agency (ESA), Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Jing Li
- ORCiD
- Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Daizhong Liu
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) , Giessenbachstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Laura A. Lopez
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Flatiron Institute , Center for Computational Astrophysics, NY 10010, USA
- Eric J. Murphy
- ORCiD
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Lukas Neumann
- ORCiD
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121, Bonn, Germany ; [email protected]
- Jérôme Pety
- ORCiD
- IRAM, 300 rue de la Piscine , 38400 Saint Martin d’Hères, France; LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités , 75014, Paris
- Francesca Pinna
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Miguel Querejeta
- ORCiD
- Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN) , C/Alfonso XII, 3, E-28014 Madrid, Spain
- Florent Renaud
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund Observatory , Box 43, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Toshiki Saito
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan
- Sumit K. Sarbadhicary
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Amy Sardone
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Rowan J. Smith
- ORCiD
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Sophia K. Stuber
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Jiayi Sun
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M1, Canada; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA), University of Toronto , 60 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H8, Canada
- David A. Thilker
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Antonio Usero
- ORCiD
- Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN) , C/Alfonso XII, 3, E-28014 Madrid, Spain
- Bradley C. Whitmore
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Thomas G. Williams
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aca7b9
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 944,
no. 2
p. L22
Abstract
We present a high-resolution view of bubbles within the Phantom Galaxy (NGC 628), a nearby (∼10 Mpc), star-forming (∼2 M _⊙ yr ^−1 ), face-on ( i ∼ 9°) grand-design spiral galaxy. With new data obtained as part of the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS)-JWST treasury program, we perform a detailed case study of two regions of interest, one of which contains the largest and most prominent bubble in the galaxy (the Phantom Void, over 1 kpc in diameter), and the other being a smaller region that may be the precursor to such a large bubble (the Precursor Phantom Void). When comparing to matched-resolution H α observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, we see that the ionized gas is brightest in the shells of both bubbles, and is coincident with the youngest (∼1 Myr) and most massive (∼10 ^5 M _⊙ ) stellar associations. We also find an older generation (∼20 Myr) of stellar associations is present within the bubble of the Phantom Void. From our kinematic analysis of the H I , H _2 (CO), and H ii gas across the Phantom Void, we infer a high expansion speed of around 15 to 50 km s ^−1 . The large size and high expansion speed of the Phantom Void suggest that the driving mechanism is sustained stellar feedback due to multiple mechanisms, where early feedback first cleared a bubble (as we observe now in the Precursor Phantom Void), and since then supernovae have been exploding within the cavity and have accelerated the shell. Finally, comparison to simulations shows a striking resemblance to our JWST observations, and suggests that such large-scale, stellar-feedback-driven bubbles should be common within other galaxies.
Keywords
