Bladder and urethral duplication and a bladder exstrophy plate with omphalocele in a female child

Abstract

The Exstrophy – Epispadias Complex (EEC) is a spectrum of rare congenital malformations involving the urinary, genital and musculoskeletal systems. We present an atypical or variant case of EEC in which a bladder plate is found involving a small omphalocele, separated pubic bones and bladder and urethral duplication. The treatment had a favorable outcome, with bladder control and the child voiding normally. Perhaps the best accepted embryonic theory to explain exstrophy and its variants should be reviewed as it fails to satisfactorily explain the alterations we found.

Keywords

• Bladder exstrophy
• Exstrophy variants
• Bladder duplication
• Urethra duplication