Reproductive and sexual health literacy and associated factors among late-adolescent high school students in Arba Minch and Sawla towns, Southern Ethiopia, 2023: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Adequate literacy in reproductive and sexual health is essential for adolescents to obtain, comprehend, evaluate and apply information necessary for making well-informed decisions, as low literacy leads to harmful decision-making, risk-taking and poorer health and self-management. These factors increase the magnitude and severity of problems related to sexuality and reproduction, including unintended pregnancy, HIV/sexually transmitted infections, unsafe abortion and death. However, information regarding the status and affecting factors of literacy in the reproductive and sexual health of adolescents is scarce.Objective To assess reproductive and sexual health literacy status and associated factors among late-adolescent high school students.Design A cross-sectional, institution-based study.Setting The study included eight secondary schools in Arba Minch town (Gamo Zone) and three in Sawla town (Gofa Zone) in the South Ethiopia Region.Methods The study was done between 20 May and 20 June 2023, among late adolescent high school students. Using multistage sampling, 577 students were recruited. Reproductive health literacy was assessed using the Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents tool. Data were loaded into EpiData-V.3.1 and analysed using SPSS-V.25. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated factors. Variables with a p value <0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were candidates for multivariable logistic regression. A Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic was checked and satisfied. Statistical significance was indicated at a p value<0.05.Result The proportion of students with limited reproductive and sexual health literacy was 69.6% (CI 65.3% to 72.8%). The limited literacy status was significantly associated with school type (public school AOR 0.28 (0.17 to 0.46)), mother’s occupation (merchant AOR 0.42 (0.23 to 0.76)), family monthly income (income 10 000–20 000 birr AOR 0.45 (0.22 to 0.95)), having regular physical exercise >30 min (more than once per week, AOR 0.44 (0.23 to 0.84)), and knowledge about condoms (poor AOR 2.23 (1.38 to 3.64)).Conclusion A notable segment of adolescents exhibited limited reproductive and sexual health literacy. The result emphasises the necessity of all relevant parties to work diligently to guarantee that school adolescents can easily obtain, comprehend, evaluate and use reproductive and sexuality-related information.