Structural reversible adhesives based on thiol-epoxy vitrimers

Abstract

This work presents a family of functional adhesives based on covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Low-cost and commercially available monomers, including diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercapto propionate) and dipentaerythritol hexakis (3-mercapto propionate), were cured using a base catalyst to produce highly cross-linked materials. The catalyst selection and the study of the curing reaction were performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The catalyst was chosen for better feasibility of industrial production, characterized by short curing times and relatively low temperatures. Thermal stability and thermomechanical properties of the final materials were evaluated through thermogravimetry (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), respectively, revealing glass transition temperatures (Tg) higher than 50 °C. Stress relaxation tests were conducted to investigate the vitrimeric behaviour of the polymers, which exhibited an Arrhenius-type dependence of relaxation times on temperature. Importantly, both materials demonstrated impressive creep resistance up to 70 °C, indicating their suitability for use at elevated service temperatures. Tensile and lap-shear tests were also performed, revealing high lap-shear strength values (up to 16 MPa) comparable to those of commercial adhesives. Furthermore, these vitrimers displayed remarkable properties such as shape memory, shape reconfiguration, and self-welding capabilities, underscoring their excellent potential for a wide range of highly demanding applications in industrial production.

Keywords

• Thiol-epoxy
• Covalent adaptable networks
• Vitrimers
• Functional adhesives
• Reversible adhesives