Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation (Mar 2022)

Differential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Utilization Disruption for Community-Dwelling Individuals With and Without Acquired Brain Injury

  • Grace J. Kim, PhD, OTR/L,
  • Hayejin Kim, MA, OTR/L,
  • Jason Fletcher, PhD,
  • Gerald T. Voelbel, PhD,
  • Yael Goverover, PhD, OTR/L,
  • Peii Chen, PhD,
  • Michael W. O'Dell, MD,
  • Helen M. Genova, PhD

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 4, no. 1
p. 100176

Abstract

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Objective: To delineate health care disruption for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) during the peak of the pandemic and to understand the impact of health care disruption on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: General community. Participants: Volunteer sample of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI; n=33), adults with stroke (n=66), and adults without TBI or stroke (n=108) with access to the internet and personal technology (N=207). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Not applicable. Results: Participants with TBI and stroke reported high rates of disruption in care specific to their diagnosis (53%-54.5%), while participants across all groups reported disruption for major medical care (range, 68.2%-80%), general health care (range, 60.3%-72.4%), and mental health care (range, 31.8%-83.3%). During the pandemic, participants with TBI and stroke used telehealth for care specific to their diagnosis (40.9%-42.4%), whereas all participants used telehealth for major medical care (range, 50%-86.7%), general health care (range, 31.2%-53.3%), and mental health care (range, 53.8%-72.7%). Disruption in TBI or stroke care and type of ABI explained 27.1% of the variance in HRQoL scores (F2,95=16.82, P<.001, R2=0.262), and disruption in mental health care explained 14.8% of the variance (F1,51=8.86, P=.004, R2=0.148). Conclusions: Individuals with and without ABI experienced pronounced disruption in health care utilization overall. However, individuals who experienced a disruption in care specific to TBI or mental health care were most vulnerable to decreased HRQoL. Telehealth was a viable alternative to in-person visits for individuals with and without ABI, but limitations included difficulty with technology, difficulty with comprehensive examination, and decreased rapport with providers.

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