Health Financing Reforms for Moving towards Universal Health Coverage in the Western Pacific Region

Abstract

This article provides an overview of health financing reforms across countries in the Western Pacific Region as progress is made toward universal health coverage (UHC). Moving toward UHC requires a strong health system with sustainable financing, which countries strive to achieve through various approaches appropriate to their country contexts. Great efforts have been made by financing reforms through resource mobilization, risk pooling, resource allocation, and strategic purchasing. Overall governance of health financing systems has improved within the context of service delivery and budget reforms. But there are still challenges and ongoing needs to continue expanding health financing mechanisms equitably and efficiently, improving stewardship and accountability, strengthening the transition to domestic financing, and enabling evidence-informed priority setting and benefits design processes. Asian countries are rapidly developing and moving to more prepaid financing mechanisms with government subsidies to reduce relatively high out-of-pocket expenses, while facing implementation challenges in the governance and expansion of social health insurance. The Pacific island countries, on the other hand, face stagnating economic growth and rely on government financing, with some countries receiving significant external funding, making it important to have strong stewardship and public financing systems in place. The way forward calls for continuing to strengthen the evidence generation and monitoring function to assess country progress, reorienting primary health care as the foundation of the health sector to ensure that continuity of care is affordable and accountable, and leveraging the private sector to contribute to an equitable and efficient health system.

Keywords

• financial protection
• health expenditure
• health financing
• universal health coverage