Analysis of entropy production in a bi-convective magnetized and radiative hybrid nanofluid flow using temperature-sensitive base fluid (water) properties

Abstract

Abstract The heat transport characteristics, flow features, and entropy-production of bi-convection buoyancy induced, radiation-assisted hydro-magnetic hybrid nanofluid flow with thermal sink/source effects are inspected in this study. The physical characteristics of hybrid nanofluids (water-hosted) are inherited from the base liquid (water) and none has considered the physical characteristics of base liquid (water) in the study of temperature-sensorial hybrid nanofluid investigations, though the water physical characteristics are not constants in temperature variations. So, the temperature-sensorial attributes of base liquid (water) are taken into account for this hybrid nanofluid ( $$Cu+{Al}_{2}{O}_{3}+\text{water}$$ C u + Al 2 O 3 + water ) flow analysis. The mathematical forms of the flow configuration (i.e., the set of coupled, nonlinear PDE form of governing equations) are solved by utilizing the subsequent tasks: (i) congenial transformation; (ii) quasilinearization; (iii) methods of finite differences to form block matrix system, and (iv) Varga’s iterative algorithm. The preciseness of the whole numerical procedure is ensured by restricting the computation to follow strict convergence conditions. Finally, the numerically extracted results representing the impacts of various salient parameters on different profiles ( $$F, G, H$$ F , G , H ), gradients, and entropy production are exhibited in physical figures for better perception. A few noticeable results are highlighted as: velocity graph shows contrast behaviour under assisting and opposing buoyancy; temperature ( $$G(\xi ,\eta )$$ G ( ξ , η ) ) is dropping for heightening heat source ( $$Q$$ Q ) surface friction remarkably declines with the outlying magnetic field ( $$St$$ St ); thermal transport confronts drastic abatement under radiation ( $${R}_{1}$$ R 1 ), and $$St$$ St ; the characteristics Reynolds and Brinkman numbers promote entropy. Furthermore, the bounding surface acts as a strong source of $${S}_{G}$$ S G -production. Summarizations are listed at the end to quantify percentage variations.