Impact of the Ottawa model on opiate screening and smoking cessation in methadone-treated patients with opioid use disorder: A retrospective cohort analysis

Abstract

Introduction Approximately 60 million individuals worldwide used opioids in 2021, constituting 1.2% of the global adult population. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated treatment strategies for opioid use disorder and nicotine use disorder by assessing the impact of smoking cessation within a methadone treatment framework. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, 53 methadone maintenance patients were divided into 16 treatment-seeking smokers (TSS) and 37 treatment-rejecting smokers (TRS) based on their participation in the Ottawa model for smoking cessation plus 16 weeks of varenicline treatment. Both groups received standard methadone treatment for 68 weeks. TSS were followed up for 44 weeks to assess smoking cessation outcomes, while TRS had none due to their lack of participation in smoking cessation treatment. Results The median age of the TSS group was 48 years, while that of the TRS group was 45.5 years. Males comprised 75% of TSS and 94.6% of the TRS. TSS exhibited an 83% decrease in positive opioid screen results compared to TRS (p=0.023). In TSS, peak smoking cessation success was observed at week 20, with 57% of participants maintaining carbon monoxide levels <5 ppm. Conclusions The significant reduction in positive opioid screens and the high smoking cessation rate in the TSS group highlight the efficacy of combined treatment methods. This study underscores the advantages of integrating smoking cessation with methadone maintenance treatment, indicating that comprehensive approaches can substantially improve treatment outcomes.

Keywords

• smoking cessation
• methadone maintenance treatment
• ottawa model for smoking cessation
• urine drug test
• opioid use disorder