OncoImmunology (Dec 2023)

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy mitigates systemic inflammation and affects cellular FLIP-expressing monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in non-progressor non-small cell lung cancer patients

  • Annalisa Adamo,
  • Cristina Frusteri,
  • Sara Pilotto,
  • Simone Caligola,
  • Lorenzo Belluomini,
  • Ornella Poffe,
  • Luca Giacobazzi,
  • Silvia Dusi,
  • Chiara Musiu,
  • Yushu Hu,
  • Tian Wang,
  • Davide Rizzini,
  • Antonio Vella,
  • Stefania Canè,
  • Giulia Sartori,
  • Jessica Insolda,
  • Marco Sposito,
  • Ursula Cesta Incani,
  • Carmine Carbone,
  • Geny Piro,
  • Francesca Pettinella,
  • Fang Qi,
  • Dali Wang,
  • Silvia Sartoris,
  • Francesco De Sanctis,
  • Patrizia Scapini,
  • Stefano Dusi,
  • Marco Antonio Cassatella,
  • Emilio Bria,
  • Michele Milella,
  • Vincenzo Bronte,
  • Stefano Ugel

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2023.2253644
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12, no. 1

Abstract

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ABSTRACTCancer cells favor the generation of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive and inflammatory features, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which support tumor progression. The anti-apoptotic molecule, cellular FLICE (FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), which acts as an important modulator of caspase-8, is required for the development and function of monocytic (M)-MDSCs. Here, we assessed the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy on systemic immunological landscape, including FLIP-expressing MDSCs, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Longitudinal changes in peripheral immunological parameters were correlated with patients’ outcome. In detail, 34 NSCLC patients were enrolled and classified as progressors (P) or non-progressors (NP), according to the RECIST evaluation. We demonstrated a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β in only NP patients after ICI treatment. Moreover, using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and cluster analysis, we characterized in NP patients a significant increase in the amount of lymphocytes and a slight contraction of myeloid cells such as neutrophils and monocytes. Despite this moderate ICI-associated alteration in myeloid cells, we identified a distinctive reduction of c-FLIP expression in M-MDSCs from NP patients concurrently with the first clinical evaluation (T1), even though NP and P patients showed the same level of expression at baseline (T0). In agreement with the c-FLIP expression, monocytes isolated from both P and NP patients displayed similar immunosuppressive functions at T0; however, this pro-tumor activity was negatively influenced at T1 in the NP patient cohort exclusively. Hence, ICI therapy can mitigate systemic inflammation and impair MDSC-dependent immunosuppression.

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