EClinicalMedicine (Jan 2023)
Clinical outcomes following discontinuation of renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease: A prospective cohort studyResearch in context
Abstract
Summary: Background: Renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors (RASi), that include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce proteinuria, delay chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, protect against cardiovascular events and heart failure hospitalizations. We examined the associations of discontinuation of ACEi/ARBs with risk of clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and advanced-CKD (estimated-glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 5.5 mmol/L) in discontinued-ACEi/ARBs versus continued-ACEi/ARBs users was assessed in a register-based cohort. Findings: In the population-based cohort of 10,400 ACEi/ARBs users with new-onset eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 m2, 1766 (17.0%) discontinued ACEi/ARBs and 8634 (83.0%) persisted with treatment. During a median follow-up of 3.6 (interquartile range, IQR: 2.11–5.8) years (41,623 person-years), 13.5%, 12.9%, and 27.6% had incident MACE, heart failure and ESKD respectively, and 35.8% died. Discontinued-ACEi/ARBs use was associated with higher risk of MACE (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08–1.49), heart failure (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.53–2.25) and ESKD (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17–1.43), and neutral risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86–1.01) compared to counterparts with continued use. In the register-based cohort (583 discontinued-ACEi/ARBs users and 3817 continued-ACEi/ARBs users), discontinued-ACEi/ARBs had neutral risk of hyperkalemia (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84–1.08). Interpretation: Discontinuation of ACEi/ARBs was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular-renal events supporting their continued use in patients with T2D and advanced-CKD. Funding: CUHK Impact Research Fellowship Scheme.
