Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион: Медицинские науки (Nov 2021)
The epidemiological and morphological characteristics of thyroid cancer morbidity in Rebublic of Mordovia for the period 2016–2020
Abstract
Background. Repuplic of Mordovia is on the list of the regions with maximum cancer morbidity in 2019. In our republic prevalence of malignant neoplasms is 3499,3 per 100 000 people and higher than these indicators for the country(on average 2674,4 per 100 000 people). Thyroid cancer is a relatively rare tumor, but it is one of the most encountered malignant neoplasm of endocrine system. In recent years, increasing the number of patients with this condition are registered in our country. In 2009 prevalence of the thyroid cancer in Russian Federation represented 78,3 per 100000 people; in 2019 this figure increased by a factor of 1.5 and represented 120,5 per 100000 people. This condition most frequently developes and holds a leading position among persons ages of 30 years. Among young womens morbidity of thyroid cancer is high enough and reached 13,6 %. According to statistics, average age of thyroid cancer patients reached for womens is 60,1 years old and for mans is 56,1 years old. Increase in gross morbidity in Russian Federation for the period 1993−2011 has been 58,22 %, annual compound rate of growth – 4,44 %. The purpose of this examination is study of the epidemiological and morphological characteristics of thyroid cancer morbidity in Rebublic of Mordovia for the period 2016–2020. Material and methods. Analysis of medical histories, results of histological examination of the surgical material of patients who first applied to the Republican Oncological Dispensary with the diagnosis of “malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland” during the study period. Results and conclusions. According to surgical matherial, 157 patients was diagnosed with «thyroid cancer», of which 120 patients was diagnosed with carcinoma and 37 patients was diagnosed with benign neoplasms. The patients were divided into age groups: 20−29, 30−39, 40−49, 50−59, 60−69 and over 70 years old. In the Republic of Mordovia, during the study period, there was a significant increase in the five-year morbidity of thyroid cancer, especially in young people and men. The highest percentage of diagnosed cases falls on the age of 60−69 years (37.5 % for both sexes), in the same category, there is the greatest diversity of the diagnostic types of malignant neoplasms. The most common histotype of thyroid cancer, including in young patients and male patients, was the classic version of papillary cancer. The highest percentage of detectability of malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland is observed at stages T1 (30,7 %) and T2 (38,5 %), with a fairly high percentage of diagnosed cases occurring in the late stages of the disease (15,4 % at stages T3 and T4 for each). In the region, there is an increase in the percentage of the malignant neoplasm/ benign neoplasm indicator, in the direction of an increase in carcinomas, as well as an increase in the detection of benign neoplasms in younger people (61,3 years old in 2016 and 55,8 years old in 2020).
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