Нервно-мышечные болезни (Jun 2022)
Vegetative innervation of the human vocal larynx
Abstract
Background. Numerous publications have noted the piano of unequal‑muscular relations arising in the process of vocalization, and described intra‑laryngeal sensitive (afferent) and motor (efferent) nerve endings. Pari estomp a significant part of the efferent pathways are vegetative nerve fibers that control the ulcer trophic state of the tissue substrate and have a direct effect on the muscles of the larynx, changing the metabolism of muscle cells.Objective: to analyze the features of vegetative innervation of the larynx in the area of vocal folds on the sectional material.Materials and methods. In the study of vegetative innervation of the mucous membrane and laryngeal muscles, we used the material obtained in sectional studies of 28 people who died as a result of injuries incompatible with life, opt cardiovascular insufficiency and opt pneumonia at the age of 54–85 years, in whom there were no life‑threatening ENT diseases. Adrenergic nerve fibers were detected by the Bjerklund method modified by V.N. Shvalev and N.I. Zhuchkova, and cholinergic nerve fibers were studied using the Karnovsky–Roots method based on incubation of sections in a solution of a specific substrate.Results. Adrenergic and cholinergic nerve conductors, as a rule, use common ways of penetration into the larynx under the walker of blood vessels and as part of the laryngeal nerves. Onyx are localized in the mucous membrane and muscles of the larynx and have reduce features. Autonomic nerve structures located in the muscles are observed directly in the middle of the muscle fibers.Conclusion. The abundance of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers and endings, combining different structural elements of the larynx into a single morphofunctional complex, is the material main influence of vegetative nervous system over the folded mechanism of voice formation and over the processes of voice disorders in various diseases.
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