The lncRNA SLNCR Recruits the Androgen Receptor to EGR1-Bound Genes in Melanoma and Inhibits Expression of Tumor Suppressor p21

Abstract

Summary: Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, affecting men more frequently and severely than women. Although recent studies suggest that differences in activity of the androgen receptor (AR) underlie the observed sex bias, little is known about AR activity in melanoma. Here we show that AR and EGR1 bind to the long non-coding RNA SLNCR and increase melanoma proliferation through coordinated transcriptional regulation of several growth-regulatory genes. ChIP-seq reveals that ligand-free AR is enriched on SLNCR-regulated melanoma genes and that AR genomic occupancy significantly overlaps with EGR1 at consensus EGR1 binding sites. We present a model in which SLNCR recruits AR to EGR1-bound genomic loci and switches EGR1-mediated transcriptional activation to repression of the tumor suppressor p21Waf1/Cip1. Our data implicate the regulatory triad of SLNCR, AR, and EGR1 in promoting oncogenesis and may help explain why men have a higher incidence of and more rapidly progressive melanomas compared with women. : Long non-coding RNA function can be understood by defining their interacting proteins. Schmidt et al. demonstrate that the melanoma lncRNA SLNCR binds to AR and complexes with different transcription factors to mediate invasion or proliferation. Thus, lncRNAs regulate distinct transcriptional programs based on specific protein interactions. Keywords: long non-coding RNA, linc00673, melanoma, proliferation, EGR1, androgen receptor, metastasis, CDKN1A, p21, Waf1/Cip1