Molecular mechanisms of immunomodulating effects of Aloe polysaccharide extract and Aloe Liquid Extract on lymphocyte activation markers СD5+ and СD54+ (ICAM-1) in vitro in patients with non-infectious uveitis and viral keratitis

Abstract

Background: Because Aloe polysaccharides, to some degree, determine the high biological activity of the plant, the development of an ophthalmic dosage form based on these compounds is an important and promising field of pharmacology. Material and Methods: We determined relative and absolute expression of the intercellular adhesion marker CD54+ and autoagression marker CD5+ in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with acute non-infectious uveitis and those with acute viral keratitis before and after incubation with Aloe polysaccharide extract and Aloe Liquid Extract. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (10 patients with non-infectious uveitis) and group 2 (17 patients with viral keratitis). Mean patient age plus or minus standard deviation was 49.87 ± 3.89 years. Control group was composed of 20 healthy donors of a similar age. Purpose: to investigate in vitro the levels of expression of CD 5+ (a molecular marker of autoimmune activation) and CD 54+ (a molecular marker of intercellular adhesion), in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with non-infectious uveitis and viral keratitis before and after incubation with Aloe polysaccharide extract and Aloe Liquid Extract. Results: In both groups of patients, relative and absolute expressions of CD 5+ and CD 54+ in the peripheral blood lymphocytes were significantly increased compared to healthy controls. After incubation with Aloe polysaccharide extract and Aloe Liquid Extract, the relative expression of CD5 in the peripheral blood lymphocytes in group 1 decreased 1.6 times and 1.9 times (to 15.4 ± 1.7% and 13.4 ± 2.1%), respectively. After incubation with Aloe polysaccharide extract, the expression of СD54+ in the peripheral blood lymphocytes in both groups of patients decreased 1.4 times, and this decrease was statistically significant. After incubation with Aloe Liquid Extract, the expression of СD54+ in both groups decreased 1.5 times, and this decrease was statistically significant, too. Conclusion: Aloe polysaccharide extract and Aloe Liquid Extract have significant immunomodulating effect, which was indicated by the normalization of relative expression of intercellular adhesion and autoaggression markers in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with non-infectious uveitis and viral keratitis.

Keywords

• aloe polysaccharides
• markers of lymphocyte activation cd54 (icam-1)
• cd 5
• immunomodulating effect in vitro
• non-infectious uveitis
• viral keratitis