Український стоматологічний альманах (Mar 2016)
VIOLATION OF THE REGULATION OF CYTOKINE IN CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN
Abstract
The significant place in the structure of diseases in children belongs to the periodontal tissue diseases, especially to chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG). It is known that the development of inflammation in periodontium is closely linked with system processes in the body, including accompanying pathology, which often occurs parallel. World Health Organization particularly emphasizes the dissemination of overweight among children. The aim of the research is to determine the dynamics of the content of cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) in oral fluid and to characterize the state of immune system of the oral cavity in children with overweight and obesity. Materials and methods. The study presents the results of the examination of 80 overweight and obese children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, aged 12-15 years. In comparative terms and in full methodological volume there were examined 30 healthy children (12 and 15 years old) with normal body weight (the comparison group) and chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Results. The level of the investigated interleukins in the oral fluid was significantly different in the examined groups of children. The content of IL-4 in the group of 12-year-old overweight children with CCG decreased 1.14 times compared with the group of children with normal weight, patients with CCG (the comparison group). Thus, in children with obesity a marked reduction in the concentration of IL-4 was observed. It was 1.3 times less than in the comparison group and 1.15 times less than the peer group of overweight children. The 15-year-old children with similar disorders and overweight also experienced a reduction of IL-4 in the oral fluid. It was 1.4 times less than in the comparison group and 1.23 times less than in the 12-year-olds, who are overweight. The lowest level of IL-4 was observed in the group of 15-year-old children with obesity. It was 1.8 times less than in the comparison group and 1.4 times less than in the group of 12-year-olds with obesity. Thus, the level of IL-6 in the oral fluid of the examined groups of children conversely increased. So in a group of the 12-year-old overweight children with CCG there was observed the upward trend in the concentration of IL- 6 (p < 0,05). In the oral fluid of children of the same age, but with obesity the contents of IL-6 was 1.9 times higher than in the comparison group and 1.8 times higher than in the 12-year-olds who are overweight. In the oral fluid of the 15-year-old overweight children with CCG there was noted an increase in the concentration of IL- 6 in 2.5 times compared with the group of children with CCG but with normal body weight and 2.3 times higher compared with a similar group of children of 12-year-olds. The most pronounced increase in the content of IL-6 in the oral fluid was observed in the 15-year-olds obese children. It was 2.9 times more than in the comparison group, at 1.17 times higher than in their peers who are overweight and 1.5 times more compared to a group of 12-year-olds with obesity. Conclusions. • The level of IL-4 in the oral fluid of children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis decreases (1.8 times) with the increasing of age and with the deepening of violations of fat metabolism. • Thus the level of IL-6 in the oral fluid of children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis increases (2.9 times) with the increasing of age and the presence of excess body weight and obesity.
