Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Properties of C7, a Novel Symmetric <i>Tetra</i>-Imidazolium-<i>Bis</i>-Heterocycle

Abstract

A novel symmetric tetra-imidazolium-bis-heterocycle, called C7, was designed and synthesized in a quick two-step pathway, with the objective to synthesize biologically active supramolecular assembly. The synthesized compound was then analyzed for its photophysical properties, for a potential application in theragnostic (fluorescence) or phototherapy (photodynamic therapy, with the production of reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen 1O2). C7 was thus screened for its biological activity, in particular against important human pathogens of viral origin (respiratory viruses such as adenovirus type 2 and human coronavirus 229E) and of fungal and bacterial origin. The compound showed limited antiviral activity, combined with very good antiproliferative activity against breast cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma models. Interestingly, the selected compound showed excellent antibacterial activity against a large array of Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria, with a possible inhibitory mechanism on the bacterial cell wall synthesis studied with electron microscopy and molecular docking tools. Collectively, the newly synthesized compound C7 could be considered as a potential lead for the development of new antibacterial treatment, endowed with basic photophysical properties, opening the door towards the future development of phototherapy approaches.

Keywords

• <i>bis</i>-imidazolium-pyridine
• photophysical characteristics
• biological properties
• antibacterial
• antiviral