The associated risk factors of premature rupture of membrane (PROM) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) among pregnant women in Firooz-abadi hospital

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the associated risk factors of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted at Firooz-abadi Hospital between 2019 and 2021. The study included 90 pregnant women diagnosed with PROM or PPROM (case group), compared with 90 women without this complication (control group) who presented to the hospital during the specified period. Demographic and clinical information of the case group was collected and compared with data from 90 pregnant women in the control group, matched for gestational age and other relevant factors. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the differences between the groups. Results: Maternal age and weight were found to be significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group (P=0.02, P<0.001, respectively). This suggests that younger age and lower maternal weight may be risk factors for PROM and PPROM. Furthermore, the number of women with a history of PROM or PPROM was significantly higher in the Case group (P<0.001), indicating that a previous occurrence of membrane rupture increases the risk of subsequent incident. In addition, the study findings showed a significantly higher rate of smoking among pregnant women in the case group compared to the control group (P=0.04). Moreover, the occurrence of urinary tract infections during pregnancy and chorioamnionitis was significantly higher in the case group (P<0.001), suggesting that these infections may contribute to membrane rupture. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the risk factors associated with PROM and PPROM. It highlights that lower maternal age and weight, a history of PROM or PPROM, lower gestational age, a history of gestational diabetes mellitus and first-trimester bleeding, smoking, and urinary tract infections during pregnancy are significantly associated with an increased risk of PROM and PPROM. These findings emphasize the importance of early identification and management of these risk factors in order to prevent or mitigate the occurrence of PROM and PPROM, ultimately improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Further research and public health initiatives are warranted to raise awareness and promote preventive measures targeting these identified risk factors.

Keywords

• premature rupture of membranes
• preterm premature rupture of membranes
• risk factor.