Vesicovaginal fistula associated with massive bladder calculi: An urogynecological case report

Abstract

Key Clinical Message In developing countries, VVF mainly occurs due to obstructed labor unlike developed countries where common causes are radiotherapy and malignancy. Due to social taboos, patients do not seek medical attention for problems like urinary incontinence and dysuria, thus presenting very late.

Keywords

• bladder calculus
• case report
• cystolithotomy
• vesicovaginal fistula