On the Localization of the Azak Mosques on the Basis of Epigraphic Finds

Abstract

The paper provides data on findings, the analysis of which complements the topography of the Golden Horde city of Azak, indicating the locations of several mosques in its territory. The scarce information from written sources, represented by the works of Ibn-Battuta and Josaphat Barbaro, does not provide a basis for an accurate localization. Archaeological materials come to the rescue. Among them are fragments of stone paste and clay tiles, fragments of mosaics, as well as carved stone slabs, glass lamps, and marble mortars. The finds are concentrated in several locations within the city, some of them accompanying the excavated foundations of the walls and minaret towers. An important role is assigned to specimens of architectural decoration containing inscriptions. The paper features the first translation of the Arabic texts found on the inscriptions. It serves as an additional confirmation of the proximate location of Muslim cult structures. As a result of mapping the finds and excavated parts of the buildings, five places were identified in different parts of the city, where a mosque or madrasah very likely existed.

Keywords

• archaeology
• the golden horde
• azak
• mosque
• madrasah
• architectural decor
• the arabic language
• epigraphy