Green algae outcompete cyanobacteria in a shallow lake, Longhu Lake

Abstract

Green algae are natural competitors of cyanobacteria, but we still do not know why green algae have a competitive advantage in shallow lakes. In this study, we used qPCR to quantify and monitor green algae and cyanobacteria in Longhu Lake. Our results showed that green algae were dominant in Longhu Lake, accounting for 71.80–80.31%. The temporal and spatial dynamics of green algal blooms were consistent with that of total organic nitrogen (TON), indicating that organic nitrogen may be the key trigger of green algal blooms. Nitrogen and phosphorus were excessive, and the peak of ammonia nitrogen occurred during the blooms, implying that ammonia nitrogen may be one of the important factors stimulating green algal blooms. Spearman correlation analysis and RDA analysis showed that green algae and cyanobacteria were positively correlated with water temperature, TON, and ammonia nitrogen, indicating that they have similar favorable growth conditions in Longhu Lake. Our results indicated that the combined effects of elevated water temperature, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus, non-stratification, and short water retention time could favor the competitive dominance of green algae in Longhu Lake. The findings here improve our understanding of the competition between green algae and cyanobacteria in shallow lakes. HIGHLIGHTS Green algae dominant cyanobacteria in a shallow lake, Longhu Lake.; Excessive TON might be the trigger of green algal blooms.; Excessive -N stimulated the overall outbreak of green algal blooms.; Excessive TN and TP may favor the dominating growth of green algae.; Short water rentention time may favor the dominance of green algae.;

Keywords

• cyanobacteria
• dominance
• green algae
• nitrogen and phosphorus
• organic nitrogen
• shallow lakes