A test of the goodness of fit of the generic metacognitive model of psychopathology symptoms

Abstract

Abstract Background Common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety frequently co-occur and may share etiological mechanisms. The metacognitive model is based on the principle that there are common pathological mechanisms across disorders that account for comorbidity and therefore can be conceptualized in one generic model. A central prediction of the model is that particular metacognitive beliefs concerning the value of worry, and the uncontrollability and danger of cognition are positively correlated with psychopathology symptoms. In the present study, we set out to test the overall fit of this model by assessing generic metacognitive beliefs and judgements of attention control capacity as predictors of common and frequently co-occurring emotional distress symptoms. Methods In a cross-sectional design, 645 participants gathered at convenience completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Results Structural equation modelling indicated a good model fit for the generic metacognitive model, and the predictors accounted for 93% of the variance in distress consisting of depression-, generalized- and social anxiety symptoms. Conclusions This finding supports the generic model and the implication that it can be used as a basis to formulate and treat multiple presenting problems.

Keywords

• Metacognitive beliefs
• Attentional control
• S-REF model
• Generic metacognitive model
• Depression
• Generalized anxiety