Folklor/Edebiyat (Aug 2023)
Analysis of the Story’s Opponent in Terms of Conditionality in the Sample of Billur Koschk Fairy Tales and Grimm’s Fairy Tales / Billur Köşk ve Grimm Masalları Örnekleminde Masalın Karşı Öznesinin Koşulluluk Bakımından Analizi
Abstract
On the axis of power or action, the obstacle opposite of the helper, not only shows the type of characteristic of a one-way structure or a caricature but also appears in the character structure with spiritual depth created by bringing together physical, psychological, interpersonal, and cultural traits. In this context, the persistence of fiction, which is one of the most important distinctions between type and character, does not apply to some counter-subjects. Examining the opposite theme of narratives in the axis of the methods of researchers such as Propp, Greimas, and Lüthi, I identified six elements of analysis, where the last one directly proves the typecharacter transition: The main points are (1) the extraordinary state of the opposing subject, (2) the reason why the attacker is evil, (3) the method used for evil, (4) the nature of the conflict with the hero, and (5) how the villain will be punished. The last element I added is called conditionally good and conditionally bad. In fairy tales there are people who do bad things when they are actually good, or do good things when they are actually bad. To qualify this change, (6) in fact, I found it appropriate to call people who are bad but behave well because of the conditions they are in, conditionally good in the sense of good, according to the conditions; in fact, I found it appropriate to call people who are good but behave badly because of conditions conditionally bad in the sense of being bad by the conditions. Therefore, the conditionality of the type, will bring the type-character continuum closer to the character structure. On the east-west axis, I took all fourteen stories in the Billur Köschk Fairy Tales (Crystal Manor Tales) and selected fourteen tales Grimm’s Fairytales using a simple sampling method. I came across six conditionally bad and three conditionally good characters in the Billur Köschk Fairy Tales, and four conditionally evil and three conditionally good in the Grimm Tales. The characteristics of evil in almost every other narrative also suggests that stereotyping the inhibitor should be reconsidered.
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