Expressão das proteínas BCL-2 e BAX em tumores astrocíticos humanos Expression of BCL-2 and BAX proteins in human astrocytic tumors

Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO: Os astrocitomas constituem os mais freqüentes tumores primários do sistema nervoso central (SNC). Admite-se que parte do crescimento tumoral seja resultante da inibição da morte celular programada: a apoptose. Tal fenômeno é basicamente regulado pelo equilíbrio entre moléculas antiapoptóticas (ex.: B-cell lymphoma protein 2 [BCL-2]) e pró-apoptóticas (ex.: BCL-2 associated protein X [BAX]). OBJETIVO: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a expressão de BCL-2 e BAX em tumores astrocíticos humanos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Procedeu-se ao estudo imuno-histoquímico dessas proteínas utilizando-se o método da avidina-biotina-peroxidase em 55 astrocitomas (13 do grau I, 14 do II, sete do III e 21 do grau IV) e cinco amostras de tecido cerebral não-tumoral (grupo controle). RESULTADOS: Os índices de positividade para BCL-2 e BAX demonstraram propensão ao acréscimo, de acordo com a gradação tumoral, com positividade geral de 43,26% e 24,67%, respectivamente. Essas proteínas não foram detectadas entre os espécimes não-tumorais. Os escores de marcação para BCL-2 apresentaram tendência ao aumento conforme a progressão histológica, enquanto os para BAX mostraram-se semelhantes nas diversas graduações. A análise conjunta dessas proteínas demonstrou significativa correlação com a gradação tumoral (p BACKGROUND: Astrocytomas represent the most frequent primary tumors of the central nervous system. Admittedly, part of tumor growth is due to inhibition of programmed cell death: the apoptosis. This phenomenon is basically regulated by the balance between anti-apoptotic (e.g.: B-cell lymphoma protein 2 [BCL-2]) and pro-apoptotic (e.g.: BCL-2 associated protein X [BAX]) molecules. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of BCL-2 and BAX in human astrocytic tumors of different histopathological grades. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An immunohistochemical study of those proteins using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was performed in 55 astrocytomas (13 grade I, 14 grade II, seven grade III and 21 grade IV) and five samples of non-tumor brain tissue (control group). RESULTS: The BCL-2 and BAX positive indices tended to increase according to astrocytomas graduation, with general positivity of 43.26% and 24.67%, respectively. These proteins were not detected among non-tumor specimens. BCL-2 labeling scores demonstrated a tendency to increase in accordance with histopathological advancing, while BAX values were similar in all graduations. The combined analyses of these proteins expression presents a significant correlation with tumor grade (p < 0.05; H test), witch is more evident among glioblastomas (grade IV) in comparison with low-grade astrocytomas (I and II) (p < 0.05; U test). BCL-2/BAX ratio denoted increasing of cellular survival orientation of the astrocytic tumors according to malignant progression. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate alterations in BCL-2 and BAX proteins expression as resultant of the tumorigenic process in astrocytomas, with increasing predominance of the anti-apoptotic profile in consonance of malignant transformation. In this way, we propose that BCL-2 overexpression in astrocytic tumors may be indicative of more aggressive phenotypes, furthermore configuring a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords

• Astrocitomas
• BCL-2
• BAX
• Apoptose
• Imuno-histoquímica
• Astrocytomas
• BCL-2
• BAX
• Apoptosis
• Immunohistochemistry