Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia (Sep 2010)
Salud oral y déficit nutricional en adultos mayores no institucionalizados en Londrina, Paraná, Brasil Saúde bucal e déficit nutricional em idosos não institucionalizados em Londrina, Paraná, Brasil Oral health status and nutritional deficit in noninstitutionalized older adults in Londrina, Brazil
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Examinar la asociación entre el déficit nutricional y problemas de salud oral en adultos mayores no institucionalizados de una comunidad en Brasil. MÉTODOS: En este estudio transversal fueron obtenidos datos de 267 adultos mayores (160 mujeres y 107 hombres) con edad entre los 60 y 74 años provenientes del censo del área de cobertura de un Equipo del Programa Salud de la Familia de Londrina, Brasil. El déficit nutricional fue identificado con la Mini Evaluación Nutricional (OBJETIVO: Examinar a associação entre déficit nutricional e problemas de saúde bucal em idosos não institucionalizados de uma comunidade no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo transversal, foram obtidos dados de 267 idosos (160 mulheres e 107 homens) com idade entre 60 e 74 anos por meio de censo em área de cobertura de uma Equipe do Programa Saúde da Família de Londrina, Brasil. O déficit nutricional foi identificado com a Mini Avaliação Nutricional (OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between nutritional deficit and oral health problems in noninstitucionalized elderly adults in a Brazilian community. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from 267 elderly adults (160 women, 107 men) with ages between 60 and 74 years, identified through a census in the area covered by the Family Health Program in Londrina, Brazil. The Mini Nutritional Assessment score < 24 points was used to identify nutritional deficit. Oral evaluation consisted of an oral exam, measurement of stimulated salivary flow rate, and use of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) for self-perception data. Multivariate analyses were adjusted by sociodemographic variables, depression, and drug consumption. RESULTS: Nutritional deficit was identified in 58 adults (21.7%). Among the dental conditions studied, absence of posterior occlusion (Odds Ratio, OR: 2.18; Confidence Interval, 95% CI: 1.06 - 4.45), stimulated salivary flow rate < 0.7 ml/minute (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.06 - 4.50), advanced periodontal illness (OR: 6.54; 95% CI: 2.03 - 21.00), and negative self perception of oral health (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.59 - 7.33) were associated with nutritional deficit regardless of sex, age, social class, education, smoking, depression, and drug consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health impairment was associated with nutritional deficit and it requires a greater integration between dentistry and nutrition in the health promotion of older adults, especially in the prevention of tooth loss and in the posterior occlusal rehabilitation to avoid obstacles for an adequate diet.
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