European Urology Open Science (Nov 2021)
Essentials for Standardising the Undergraduate Urology Curriculum in Europe: Outcomes of a Delphi Consensus from the European School of Urology
- Juan Gómez Rivas,
- Bhaskar Somani,
- Moises Rodriguez Socarrás,
- Giancarlo Marra,
- Ian Pearce,
- Lars Henningsohn,
- Patricia Zondervan,
- Henk van der Poel,
- Hendrik Van Poppel,
- James N’Dow,
- Evangelos Liatsikos,
- Joan Palou,
- Rade Stanisavljevic,
- Bojanic Nebojsa,
- Pavel Banov,
- Leonid Spivak,
- Stilianos Giannakopoulos,
- Mario Álvarez-Maestro,
- Jan Svihra,
- Tobias Page,
- Emrah Yuruk,
- Miguel Silva-Ramos,
- Saban Sarikaya,
- Francesco Porpiglia,
- Attila Szendroi
Affiliations
- Juan Gómez Rivas
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle del Profesor Martin Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Tel. +34 913 303000.
- Bhaskar Somani
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Moises Rodriguez Socarrás
- Instituto de Cirugía Urológica Avanzada, Madrid, Spain
- Giancarlo Marra
- Department of Urology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Ian Pearce
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Lars Henningsohn
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Patricia Zondervan
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Henk van der Poel
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Netherlands Prostate Cancer Network, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Hendrik Van Poppel
- Department of Urology, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
- James N’Dow
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Evangelos Liatsikos
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Joan Palou
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Rade Stanisavljevic
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Bojanic Nebojsa
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pavel Banov
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Leonid Spivak
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Stilianos Giannakopoulos
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Mario Álvarez-Maestro
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Jan Svihra
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Tobias Page
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Emrah Yuruk
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Miguel Silva-Ramos
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Saban Sarikaya
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Francesco Porpiglia
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Attila Szendroi
- Urology Department, General Hospital Bar, Bar, Montenegro; Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia and School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Urology and Surgical Nephrology, Nicolae Testemiceanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Urology, BHT Clinic Istanbul Tema Hospital, Kücükcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey; Urology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 33
pp. 72 – 80
Abstract
Background: The burden of urological diseases is rising as the worldwide population ages. Although specialist urological provision is needed, a large proportion of these conditions will be managed in primary care. The importance of including urology in medical education currently remains unclear. Objective: To provide recommendations on undergraduate medical education for urology in Europe. Design, setting, and participants: A three-round Delphi process to reach consensus on standardising the undergraduate urology curriculum in Europe was endorsed by the European School of Urology. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The levels of agreement were set using a nine-point scale according to the GRADE grid: 1–3, disagree; 4–6, uncertain; and 7–9, agree. Consensus was defined as at least 70% of the participants scoring within the same 3-point grouping. Results and limitations: Overall, consensus was reached for 20 of 34 statements (70.5%) across the three Delphi rounds, with agreement for 75% (n = 15) and disagreement for 25% (n = 5). The following main points were agreed. Urological teaching should be introduced before year 5 of medical school, with at least 20 h of theoretical activities and at least 30 h of practical activities. Urology should be taught as a stand-alone subject rather than combined with another surgical specialty or a nephrology programme. The participants agreed that urology should be taught according to symptoms. A urology programme should include the anatomy and physiology of the urinary tract, and students should know how to clinically assess a urological patient. Conclusions: Our recommended urology pathway will allow European medical schools to provide a more comprehensive undergraduate urology curriculum. It will also help to improve and maintain standards of urology undergraduate teaching across Europe. Patient summary: Our survey showed that urology in universities should have, at minimum, time for theoretical and practical activities and should be taught as a stand-alone subject on the basis of symptoms. Students should give feedback to facilitate constant improvement and evolution of the teaching programme.
