Lifestyle and physical fitness in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and obesity

Patrizia Calella; Daniela Vitucci; Angela Zanfardino; Francesca Cozzolino; Alessia Terracciano; Francesco Zanfardino; Serena Rollato; Alessia Piscopo; Francesca Gallè; Annamaria Mancini; Valeria Di Onofrio; Dario Iafusco; Giuliana Valerio; Pasqualina Buono; Giorgio Liguori

Heliyon (Jan 2023)

Lifestyle and physical fitness in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and obesity

Patrizia Calella,
Daniela Vitucci,
Angela Zanfardino,
Francesca Cozzolino,
Alessia Terracciano,
Francesco Zanfardino,
Serena Rollato,
Alessia Piscopo,
Francesca Gallè,
Annamaria Mancini,
Valeria Di Onofrio,
Dario Iafusco,
Giuliana Valerio,
Pasqualina Buono,
Giorgio Liguori

Affiliations

Patrizia Calella: Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
Daniela Vitucci: Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
Angela Zanfardino: Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
Francesca Cozzolino: Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
Alessia Terracciano: Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
Francesco Zanfardino: Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
Serena Rollato: Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
Alessia Piscopo: Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
Francesca Gallè: Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
Annamaria Mancini: Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
Valeria Di Onofrio: Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
Dario Iafusco: Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
Giuliana Valerio: Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy; Corresponding author.
Pasqualina Buono: Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy; Corresponding author. Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy.
Giorgio Liguori: Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 9, no. 1
p. e13109

Abstract

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Background: The association between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and obesity (Ob) is no longer unexpected due to unhealthy lifestyle mostly in adolescents. We compared clinical-biochemical characteristics, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), lifestyle habits and physical fitness across different weight categories of T1DM adolescents from Campania Region. As second aim, we assessed the relationship among lifestyle and physical fitness in these patients. Methods: 74 adolescents (35M; 39F; 13–18 y), with T1DM diagnosed at least 6 mo before the study, were enrolled at the Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetology of Vanvitelli University of Naples. Height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI z-score, and Clinical Biochemical health-related parameters were determined. MD adherence, physical activity (PA) amount and sedentary habits were assessed by questionnaires. Handgrip strength, 2-Min Step test (2-MST) cardiorespiratory endurance and Timed up and go test (TUG) for agility and balance were used for physical fitness evaluation. Results: Our sample included 22 normal weight (NW), 37 overweight (OW) and 15 with Obese (Ob) adolescents. Across the three groups, adolescents showed similar Clinical-Biochemical parameters, MD adherence, PA amount, mostly walking (9.3 h/w), daily video exposure (8.5 h/d) and similar handgrip or 2-MST performance. Better performance was observed in NW compared to OW or Ob for TUG (7 vs 8 vs 9 s; p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between TUG test and BMI, while no correlation was found between HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) and BMI z score or 2-MST. Conclusions: T1DM adolescents did not meet the recommendations for active lifestyle, despite a medium/good adherence to MD, in particular in NW and OW youths. Sedentary habits correlated with a poor HbA1c. Further, reduced agility and balance were observed in adolescents with obesity compared to NW participants.Future research should be aimed to examine wider samples and to design health promotion interventions for T1DM adolescents.

Published in Heliyon

ISSN: 2405-8440 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Science: Science (General); Social Sciences: Social sciences (General)
Website: https://www.cell.com/heliyon/home

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