Fatigue Analysis of a Light Truck Rear Axle Based on Virtual Iteration Method

Abstract

Firstly, the MBD (multi-body dynamics) model of the whole vehicle is built according to the measured vehicle parameters. Then, the road spectra acquisition test is carried out. Under the test road conditions, the acceleration, displacement, and force signals of multiple positions of the whole vehicle are collected. Taking the road test signals as the iterative target and the vehicle MBD model as the iterative carrier, the vehicle equivalent excitation is obtained by using the VIM (virtual iteration method). By applying the equivalent excitation obtained by VIM to the vehicle MBD model, the load spectra of key points of the driving rear axle are obtained. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the measured signals with the iterative signals, and the reliability of the key points load spectra is enhanced. Secondly, the FEA (finite element analysis) model of the rear axle is built, and the static analysis results of each key point under unit load are obtained with the help of FEA software. Thirdly, the FEA results, key points load spectra, and material fatigue characteristic curve of the rear axle are input into the fatigue software to conduct the fatigue simulation of the rear axle. According to the fatigue analysis results, the position where the fatigue life does not meet the set goal is accurately located. Finally, the structure is optimized based on the above results. The fatigue life evaluation of the optimized rear axle shows that its durability has been significantly improved.