Protective effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection and/or soluble egg antigen on allergic reaction in male mice

Abstract

Abstract Background Innovative treatments are being examined to develop more effective and innocuous protective medications for allergic conditions. In recent times, helminth-based immunotherapy is gaining attention as a potential therapeutic approach that could establish a pathway for controlling anaphylaxis. To the extent of our knowledge, there are no previous studies that examine the protective effect of both Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) and its soluble egg antigen (SEA) together against anaphylaxis. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine and compare the impact of SEA immunization and/or S. mansoni infection on Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced systemic anaphylaxes in mice model. Results The outcome results revealed that S. mansoni infection and SEA immunization were able to improve body weight, reduce the mortality rate, increase plasma IgE and IgG4 levels and decrease histamine levels in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additionally, they elevated interleukin-(IL)-4, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-beta (ΤGF-β) levels in BALF. They also restored the stabilization of peritoneal mast cells (MCs) membrane in inverted light microscopy results accompanied by amelioration of the lung and liver histology. Conclusions The present study provided indication for the prophylactic effects of S. mansoni infection and SEA immunization against OVA-induced systemic anaphylaxes in mice model. Also, it focuses on the possible therapeutic mechanisms of helminth-derived products administration that might be related to upregulation of immune regulatory mechanisms. As a result, S. mansoni-derived products may be used as preventative supplemented treatments to inhibit the development of anaphylaxis which provides us with a new vision for developing pioneering therapy.

Keywords

• Anaphylaxis
• IgE
• Mast cells
• Histamine