Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with high risk for prostate cancer among the U.S. elderly: Evidence from NHANES 2001-2010

Abstract

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PurposeThe Systemic Immuno-Inflammation Index (SII) is a crucial clinical measure of inflammation, and there is currently no solid evidence linking SII to an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Through the analysis of serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA), and the tPSA/fPSA (fPSA%) ratio, this study sought to investigate the relationship between SII and PCa risk among the U.S. elderly.MethodsElderly male participants were gathered from the NHANES database between 2001 and 2010.SII was calculated by platelet count * neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. High risk individuals for prostate cancer were defined as those with tPSA > 4 ng/ml and fPSA% < 16%. Multivariate logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline curves, and subgroup analyses were used to assess the relationship between SII and PCa risk.ResultsThis research comprised 2664 people in total, 137 (5.14%) of whom were deemed to be at high risk of developing PCa. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, after controlling for variables, revealed a significant positive correlation between high PCa risk and an increase in SII (p = 0.009). The RCS suggested a turning point at 9.01. Restricted cubic spline curves revealed a non-linear U-shaped association between SII and high PCa risk (p for nonlinear = 0.028). Education level, marital status, PIR, alcohol status, smoking status, rheumatoid arthritis status, and heart problem were not significantly correlated with this positive connection, according to subgroup analyses and interaction tests.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that inflammation represented by SII is associated with high PCa risk.

Keywords

• systemic immune-inflammation index
• total prostate-specific antigen
• free prostatespecific antigen
• fPSA%
• prostate cancer
• cross-sectional study