Review of Microbottle Resonators for Sensing Applications

Huda Adnan Zain; Malathy Batumalay; Hazlihan Haris; Ismail Saad; Ahmad Razif Muhammad; Siti Nasuha Mustaffa; Arni Munira Markom; Hazli Rafis Abdul Rahim; Sin Jin Tan; Sulaiman Wadi Harun

doi:10.3390/mi14040734

Micromachines (Mar 2023)

Review of Microbottle Resonators for Sensing Applications

Huda Adnan Zain,
Malathy Batumalay,
Hazlihan Haris,
Ismail Saad,
Ahmad Razif Muhammad,
Siti Nasuha Mustaffa,
Arni Munira Markom,
Hazli Rafis Abdul Rahim,
Sin Jin Tan,
Sulaiman Wadi Harun

Affiliations

Huda Adnan Zain: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Malathy Batumalay: Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Hazlihan Haris: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
Ismail Saad: Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
Ahmad Razif Muhammad: Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Siti Nasuha Mustaffa: Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Arni Munira Markom: School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
Hazli Rafis Abdul Rahim: Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
Sin Jin Tan: School of Engineering, UOW Malaysia KDU University College, Shah Alam 40150, Selangor, Malaysia
Sulaiman Wadi Harun: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040734
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14, no. 4
p. 734

Abstract

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Microbottle resonators (MBR) are bottle-like structures fabricated by varying the radius of an optical fiber. MBRs can support whispering gallery modes (WGM) by the total internal reflection of the light coupled into the MBRs. MBRs have a significant advantage in sensing and other advanced optical applications due to their light confinement abilities in a relatively small mode volume and having high Q factors. This review starts with an introduction to MBRs’ optical properties, coupling methods, and sensing mechanisms. The sensing principle and sensing parameters of MBRs are discussed here as well. Then, practical MBRs fabrication methods and sensing applications are presented.

Published in Micromachines

ISSN: 2072-666X (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Technology: Mechanical engineering and machinery
Website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/micromachines

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