A Method Utilizing an Image Visibility Graph to Portray the Arrangement of Genomic Data Sequencing, Gene Frequencies for The Peptidoglycan-Associated Lipoprotein (Pal) Gene in Brucella Spp., and Prevalence of Brucellosis in Nineveh

Abstract

Brucellosis is a disease triggered by various Gram-negative bacteria (Brucella spp.), impacting animals through miscarriages and causing fever in humans. The verified reality that peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal) proteins exist in multiple bacteria and display remarkable vaccine potential shifts the spotlight to this protein and its importance within bacterial systems. Furthermore, gaining insight into the implications of mutations in this protein becomes of utmost importance. Biological informatics software was utilized to carry out a comparative study of the Pal gene across different species of Brucella bacteria. Computational methods were employed to represent sequences using both CGR and FCGR techniques. The Pal protein’s secondary and tertiary structures were built, and comparisons were drawn regarding mutations present among various Brucella species. An assessment of instances of infection was conducted, and statistical analyses were executed concerning brucellosis in the Nineveh region. While no significant differences were observed in the Pal gene among Brucella species, noticeable variations became evident when employing CGR and FCGR methodologies. FCGR proves to be more precise for visualization compared to CGR. Particularly, B. endophytica exhibited the most notable changes in the Pal protein when compared to the standard type within the species. The frequency of brucellosis infections increases in correlation with rising population numbers. The initial CGR images might not exhibit noticeable differences, but utilizing the FCGR method makes it easier to distinguish these variations. This affirms that FCGR is more effective for assessing the degree of dissimilarities. The presence of brucellosis poses a concern, especially in regions characterized by dense populations. It is important to emphasize public education regarding the adoption of suitable health precautions to thwart the disease, coupled with the importance of vaccination.

Keywords

• brucella
• pal
• gene expression
• fcgr
• 3d structure