Екологічна безпека та збалансоване ресурсокористування (Nov 2020)
Improvement of manufacturing scheme of wastewater treatment for galvanic shops of coal machine building enterprises
Abstract
Plating is considered to be one of the most dangerous industries. Since the enterprises are characterized by a wide range of technological processes, composition of solutions and electrolytes, and processed mechanical parts, it results in producing wastewaters that are quite diverse in the qualitative and quantitative composition. The plating plants and sites, operating in the country, are built according to the same technology and perform only the plating or metal-surface treatment, almost without taking into consideration the issues of removing heavy-metal ions from wastewater, plating waste disposal and environmental protection. Many enterprises still use out-of-date and no longer efficient processes for water treatment, and sometimes do not have any treatment wastewater facilities at all, which leads to the discharge of untreated and insufficiently treated wastewaters into surface watercourses. The fundamental solution to the problem of water pollution consists in the development and implementation of closed water circulation and resource-saving technological processes that help to return valuable components into manufacture, excluding the discharge of polluted wastewaters into water bodies, which is economically and environmentally justified. The existing technological procedure for the plating wastewater treatment of coal mechanical engineering enterprises has been improved on the basis of their post-treatment by the ion exchange method. It is proposed to install ion exchange filters at the final stage of wastewater treatment. The implementation of the proposed and improved technological procedure of wastewater treatment significantly reduces the content of heavy metal compounds and other pollutants according to the national water quality standards, which helps to create a closed water circulation system, and return up to 95% of polished water for the enterprise’s production needs (preparation of solutions for electrolytes, flushing operations, etc.)
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