Quantitative assessment of the relative impacts of different factors on flood susceptibility modelling: case study of Fez-Meknes region in Morocco

Abstract

The mapping and assessment of flood susceptibility is an integral component of flood mitigation and prevention programs, by determining the most vulnerable regions and the associated characteristics that influence the flood susceptibility. Hence, the aim of the present study is to identify flood-prone areas in the Fez-Meknes region (Morocco) for the first time using a multicriteria approach, in particular the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A total of fifteen conditioning factors for flooding were selected: distance to rivers, river network density, precipitation, flow accumulation, elevation, slope, plane curvature, TWI, aspect, NDVI, LULC, TRI, geology, soil type, and SPI. All factors were defined as raster data sets with a resolution of 30 x 30 m. The results showed that, the efficiency tests of the flood susceptibility map show a good accuracy using an area under the curve (AUC) by remarkably good number (0.90).in addition, LULC was recognized as the most significant factor, which is followed by the stream power index that affect the flood map.