A new biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary thromboembolism: Serum profilin-1

Abstract

Objective: Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and accurate prognosis are essential in clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of serum Profilin-1(PFN1) in diagnosing and prognosis PTE. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on patients older than 18 diagnosed with PTE and healthy volunteers with similar sociodemographic characteristics who applied to the emergency department between March 2022 and March 2023. Results: In the study, 102 patients diagnosed with PTE were in the patient group, and 64 healthy volunteers were in the control group. The median PFN1 level of the patient group was 2878 (124–5001) pg/mL, while the median PFN1 level of the control group was 579 (125–5001) pg/mL. The PFN1 level of the patient group was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001). PFN1 levels of 984.46 pg/mL and above had 76.47 % sensitivity and 79.69 % specificity in diagnosing PTE (AUC: 0.817; CI: 0.750–0.873; p < 0.0001). The median PFN1 level of patients with mortality was 5001 (1793.3–5001) pg/mL, while the median PFN1 level of patients without mortality was 1858 (124–5001) pg/mL. PFN1 levels of patients who developed mortality were significantly higher than those who did not develop mortality (p < 0.001). PFN1 levels of 3292.1 pg/mL and above had 90.91 % sensitivity and 71.25 % specificity in PTE prognosis (AUC: 0.861; CI: 0.778–0.921; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Serum Profilin-1 levels are helpful as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in PTE.

Keywords

• Pulmonary thromboembolism
• Profilin-1
• Emergency department
• Diagnosis
• Prognosis