Modern Concepts of Clinical and Diagnostic Criteria for Premature Ovarian Failure (Literature Review)

Abstract

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a life-changing diagnosis with profound physical and psychological consequences. POI, defined as amenorrhea due to the loss of ovarian function before 40 years of age, can occur spontaneously or be secondary to medical therapies. POI is associated with cardiovascular morbidity, osteoporosis and premature mortality. General practitioners play an important role in the evaluation and long-term management of women with POI. Before getting to the gynecologist, more than 50 % of women, on average, turn to three different specialists. Success of early diagnosis, possibility of timely prescription of hormone therapy, and monitoring of the long-term effects of hypoestrogenism depend on the general practitioner’s knowledge of this pathology. The purpose of this review was to systematize the available data on modern clinical diagnostic criteria for POI, for the early detection and prevention of reproductive losses, as well as improving the quality of life of women. An information search was carried out using Internet resources (PubMed, Web of Science, eLibrary.Ru), literary sources for the period 2015–2019 were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of the literature data, a step-by-step diagnosis of pathology was described, the main shortcomings of the main marker for assessing ovarian function – folliclestimulating hormone – were identified and listed. And also the advantages of anti-Müllerian hormone in the early diagnosis of ovarian insufficiency are considered.

Keywords

• premature ovarian failure
• premature ovarian insufficiency
• ovarian reserve
• diagnosis of poi
• infertility
• amenorrhea
• anti-müllerian hormone
• follicle-stimulating hormone