Decreased functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal network in children with mood disorders compared to children with dyslexia during rest: An fMRI study

Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus; Mackenzie Woodburn; Akila Rajagopal; Amelia L. Versace; Robert A. Kowatch; Michele A. Bertocci; Genna Bebko; Jorge R.C. Almeida; Susan B. Perlman; Michael J. Travis; Mary Kay Gill; Lisa Bonar; Claudiu Schirda; Vaibhav A. Diwadkar; Jeffrey L. Sunshine; Boris Birmaher; David Axelson; H. Gerry Taylor; Sarah M. Horwitz; Thomas Frazier; L. Eugene Arnold; Mary A. Fristad; Eric A. Youngstrom; Robert L. Findling; Mary L. Phillips; Scott K. Holland

NeuroImage: Clinical (Jan 2018)

Decreased functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal network in children with mood disorders compared to children with dyslexia during rest: An fMRI study

Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus,
Mackenzie Woodburn,
Akila Rajagopal,
Amelia L. Versace,
Robert A. Kowatch,
Michele A. Bertocci,
Genna Bebko,
Jorge R.C. Almeida,
Susan B. Perlman,
Michael J. Travis,
Mary Kay Gill,
Lisa Bonar,
Claudiu Schirda,
Vaibhav A. Diwadkar,
Jeffrey L. Sunshine,
Boris Birmaher,
David Axelson,
H. Gerry Taylor,
Sarah M. Horwitz,
Thomas Frazier,
L. Eugene Arnold,
Mary A. Fristad,
Eric A. Youngstrom,
Robert L. Findling,
Mary L. Phillips,
Scott K. Holland

Affiliations

Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States; Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Israel; Corresponding author at: Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Haifa, Israel; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States.
Mackenzie Woodburn: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States
Akila Rajagopal: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Amelia L. Versace: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Robert A. Kowatch: The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
Michele A. Bertocci: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Genna Bebko: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Jorge R.C. Almeida: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Susan B. Perlman: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Michael J. Travis: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Mary Kay Gill: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Lisa Bonar: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Claudiu Schirda: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Vaibhav A. Diwadkar: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, United States
Jeffrey L. Sunshine: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Boris Birmaher: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
David Axelson: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
H. Gerry Taylor: University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States
Sarah M. Horwitz: Department of Child Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, United States
Thomas Frazier: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
L. Eugene Arnold: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
Mary A. Fristad: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
Eric A. Youngstrom: Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
Robert L. Findling: University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, United States
Mary L. Phillips: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Scott K. Holland: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 18
pp. 582 – 590

Abstract

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Background: The DSM-5 separates the diagnostic criteria for mood and behavioral disorders. Both types of disorders share neurocognitive deficits of executive function and reading difficulties in childhood. Children with dyslexia also have executive function deficits, revealing a role of executive function circuitry in reading. The aim of the current study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship of functional connectivity within the fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular cognitive control networks to reading measures for children with mood disorders, behavioral disorders, dyslexia, and healthy controls (HC). Method: Behavioral reading measures of phonological awareness, decoding, and orthography were collected. Resting state fMRI data were collected, preprocessed, and then analyzed for functional connectivity. Differences in the reading measures were tested for significance among the groups. Global efficiency (GE) measures were also tested for correlation with reading measures in 40 children with various disorders and 17 HCs. Results: Significant differences were found between the four groups on all reading measures. Relative to HCs and children with mood disorders or behavior disorders, children with dyslexia as a primary diagnosis scored significantly lower on all three reading measures. Children with mood disorders scored significantly lower than controls on a test of phonological awareness. Phonological awareness deficits correlated with reduced resting state functional connectivity MRI (rsfcMRI) in the cingulo-opercular network for children with dyslexia. A significant difference was also found in fronto-parietal global efficiency in children with mood disorders relative to the other three groups. We also found a significant difference in cingulo-opercular global efficiency in children with mood disorders relative to the Dyslexia and Control groups. However, none of these differences correlate significantly with reading measures. Conclusions/significance: Reading difficulties involve abnormalities in different cognitive control networks in children with dyslexia compared to children with mood disorders. Findings of the current study suggest increased functional connectivity of one cognitive control network may compensate for reduced functional connectivity in the other network in children with mood disorders. These findings provide guidance to clinical professionals for design of interventions tailored for children suffering from reading difficulties originating from different pathologies. Keywords: Mood disorders, Behavioral disorders, Dyslexia, Reading, Resting state functional connectivity, Phonological awareness, Executive function networks

Published in NeuroImage: Clinical

ISSN: 2213-1582 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Medicine: Medicine (General): Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics; Medicine: Internal medicine: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry: Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system
Website: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/neuroimage-clinical/

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