Pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a disease characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction (UAO), with decreased airflow, intermittent hypoxemia, and awakening during sleep. Two essential factors are related to the pathophysiology of OSAHS: anatomical alterations and reduction or absence of neural control. While studying OSAHS, the site or sites of obstruction of the UA should be identified; they may extend from the nasal wings to the hypopharynx. Another important factor in this syndrome is the nervous influence on muscle tone of the hypopharynx, as well as the changes in blood pH, which are secondary to micro-arousals. Body position and sleep stage determine the severity. The pathophysiology of OSAHS should be understood to properly study a patient and provide the best treatment option.

Keywords

• Síndromes de apnea del sueño
• Sistema respiratorio
• Hipercapnia
• Hipofaringe
• Nervio hipogloso.