Modeling and Optimization of Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Clopidogrel Using the Doehlert Experimental Design Combined with an Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm

Dorsaf Mansour; Eman Alblawi; Abdulmohsen Khalaf Dhahi Alsukaibi; Jamal Humaidi; Hichem Tahraoui; Manar Shatat; Safa Teka; Sawsan Maisara; Nizar Bellakhal; Housam Binous; Abdeltif Amrane

doi:10.3390/w16141964

Water (Jul 2024)

Modeling and Optimization of Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Clopidogrel Using the Doehlert Experimental Design Combined with an Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm

Dorsaf Mansour,
Eman Alblawi,
Abdulmohsen Khalaf Dhahi Alsukaibi,
Jamal Humaidi,
Hichem Tahraoui,
Manar Shatat,
Safa Teka,
Sawsan Maisara,
Nizar Bellakhal,
Housam Binous,
Abdeltif Amrane

Affiliations

Dorsaf Mansour: Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
Eman Alblawi: Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
Abdulmohsen Khalaf Dhahi Alsukaibi: Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
Jamal Humaidi: Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
Hichem Tahraoui: Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria
Manar Shatat: Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
Safa Teka: Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
Sawsan Maisara: Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
Nizar Bellakhal: Laboratory of Eco-Chimie, National Institute of Applied Sciences & Technology, P.O. Box 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia
Housam Binous: Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Applied Sciences & Technology, P.O. Box 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia
Abdeltif Amrane: Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes CEDEX 7, France

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w16141964
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 16, no. 14
p. 1964

Abstract

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In this research, the optimization of the electrochemical advanced oxidation treatment for the degradation of Clopidogrel was investigated. This study examined the influence of various experimental parameters including applied current, initial Clopidogrel concentration, and ferrous ion concentration by the use of the Doehlert design within a response surface methodology framework. The improved grey wolf optimizer was applied in order to define the optimum operating conditions. The monitoring of clopidogrel concentration during treatment revealed that complete disappearance of clopidogrel was achieved under an initial clopidogrel concentration of 0.02 mM, current intensity of 0.55 A, Fe2+concentration of 0.7 mM, and a reaction time of 20 min in a solution containing 50 mM Na2SO4 at pH 3. A quadratic polynomial model was developed, and its statistical significance was confirmed through the analysis of variance, demonstrating a high level of confidence in the model (R2 = 0.98 and p-value −1 of the total organic carbon removed. These findings underscore the effectiveness and potential applicability of the electrochemical advanced oxidation for industrial wastewater treatment.

Published in Water

ISSN: 2073-4441 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Technology: Hydraulic engineering; Technology: Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering: Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/water/

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