Estimate the prevalence of daily caffeine consumption, caffeine use disorder, caffeine withdrawal and perceived harm in Iran: a cross-sectional study

Fatemeh Abdoli; Mohammadreza Davoudi; Fereshte Momeni; Farhang Djafari; Behrooz Dolatshahi; Samaneh Hosseinzadeh; Hajar Aliyaki; Zahra Khalili

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58496-8

Scientific Reports (Apr 2024)

Estimate the prevalence of daily caffeine consumption, caffeine use disorder, caffeine withdrawal and perceived harm in Iran: a cross-sectional study

Fatemeh Abdoli,
Mohammadreza Davoudi,
Fereshte Momeni,
Farhang Djafari,
Behrooz Dolatshahi,
Samaneh Hosseinzadeh,
Hajar Aliyaki,
Zahra Khalili

Affiliations

Fatemeh Abdoli: Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Mohammadreza Davoudi: Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Fereshte Momeni: Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Farhang Djafari: Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)
Behrooz Dolatshahi: Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Samaneh Hosseinzadeh: Biostatistics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Hajar Aliyaki: Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Zahra Khalili: Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58496-8
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14, no. 1
pp. 1 – 8

Abstract

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Abstract One of the informal diagnoses in DSM-5 is Caffeine Use Disorder (CUD). CUD and high levels of caffeine consumption could impact mental health conditions. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CUD, caffeine consumption, caffeine-related harms, and related psychiatric symptoms in Iran. A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 1228 adults were conducted in Iran. Caffeine consumption was assessed across 20 products in Iran. Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire (CUDQ), Caffeine Withdrawal Symptoms Questionnaire (CWSQ), 14-item Caffeine-related Harm Screening (CHS), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25) were used in the present study. We used SPSS (desktop version 26.0) to analyze the data using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and the least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test. The daily average caffeine consumption was 146.67 mg. The prevalence of CUD and caffeine withdrawal (C.W.) were estimated at 19.5% and 46.62%, respectively. Also, 12.9% of responders received CUD and C.W.s simultaneously. The prevalence of CUD was higher in men than females (25.08% vs. 13.93%). 95% of participants (n = 1166) reported using at least one caffeine product yesterday. Moreover, the most reported caffeine-related harms were the desire for sugar (42.9%), insomnia (39.3%), and caffeine dependence (38.3%). Age significantly correlates with CUD (− 0.07) and daily caffeine intake (0.08). Moreover, all SCL-90 subscales had a significant correlation with daily caffeine intake. Finally, responders at younger ages reported higher levels of CUD and caffeine consumption than older adults(P < 0.05). High rates of C.W. and CUD in the Iranian population suggest that it is necessary to develop evidence-based treatments.

Published in Scientific Reports

ISSN: 2045-2322 (Online)
Publisher: Nature Portfolio
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Medicine; Science
Website: https://www.nature.com/srep/

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