مطالعات اجتماعی روانشناختی زنان (Sep 2021)
Environmental behaviors of women and the effect of religiosity on it in Sari Abstract
Abstract
The present article aims to investigate the relationship between religiosity and environmental behaviors in Sari. Inglehart's theory of metamaterial values, the pattern of environmentalist behavior of Kalmus and Ajigman were used as a theoretical framework. The research method is a survey and the data collection tool is a researcher-made and standard questionnaire. The statistical population is women over 18 years old in Sari. A total of 400 individuals were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling as the sample size. Formal validity was used and the reliability of environmental behaviors is 0.858 and religiosity is 0.937. The results show that the average of environmental behavior is high (3.78). There is a significant positive and direct relationship between religiosity and environmental behavior. Religiosity has a significant positive relationship with four dimensions of environmental behavior. The four doctrinal, ritual, empirical, and consequential dimensions of religiosity are directly related to environmental behaviors. Therefore, religiosity and religious teachings play an important role in increasing women's environmental behaviors.IntroductionThe effect of religiosity and its dimensions on environmental behaviors were investigated. Environmental behavior is the act that a person shows in dealing with the environment. The role of women in the preservation of the environment is very important and the preservation of the environment as a public duty requires the participation of all groups, including women. Women as half of the population living in Sari were studied and their environmental behaviors were studied. Various factors can affect environmental behaviors. One of these influential factors is religiosity and its dimensions. Religion can help deepen environmental ethics. Religious rulings can be a source of inspiration for the development of environmental guidelines. Statement of the problem Environmental researchers believe that today environmental crises are worryingly threatening human life. The environmental crisis stems from a moral crisis and is the result of turning one's back on moral values. Therefore, to get out of this crisis, a moral solution must be sought. Women, due to their inherent characteristics and social roles, play an essential role in environmental management, a role that requires sufficient knowledge and awareness, and urban women, because they are exposed to urban and industrial pollution. They have a greater share. In the city of Sari, there are all kinds of pollution, such as air pollution, environmental degradation, and deforestation, which can be seen in everyday life. It remains to be seen what the relationship is between religiosity and its dimensions on women's environmental behaviors. Review of literatureSome research has been done in the field of religiosity and the environment. Dashtaki et al. (1400), Taliban and Memarzadeh (2019), Hosseini Valshkalaei et al. (2015), Habibi and Ebrahimpour (2015), Nabavi and Shahriari (2014), Maleki and Abdullahi (2013), Nawah and others (2011) Bernard (2016), Arbuckle and Koniski (2015) and Polly and Owner (2000) showed that the interaction of emotional attachments and beliefs and beliefs about the environment can be effective in determining beliefs and beliefs related to the environment.Environmental sociology mainly deals with the scientific study of the relationship between modern society and environmental crises and issues. In the pattern of environmentalist behavior of Kalmus and Ajigman, a direct relationship between environmental knowledge and environmentalist behaviors is not considered; Rather, they have considered environmental knowledge, values, and attitudes, along with emotional attachment, as a complex combination called environmental awareness. Schwartz's theory of normative arousal emphasizes that pro-environmental actions occur in response to personal moral norms about such actions and that these actions are evoked in individuals who believe that environmental conditions are a threat. In Inglehart's theory, values are the foundation of environmentalism. Environmentalism is a manifestation of postmodern values.The theoretical framework is the theory of Inglehart, Schwartz, Kalmus, and Agimann. Inglehart and Schwartz theories express the attitude and view of individuals towards religious and non-religious values such as environmental behaviors. People who have more transcendental and altruistic values have higher environmental activities. MethodologyThe research method is a survey and the data collection tool is a standard questionnaire. The statistical population is women over 18 years old in Sari (131685 people). The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster. Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and path analysis were used. The face value is used and the measurement tool has the necessary reliability and the alpha value of environmental behaviors is 0.858 and religiosity is 0.937. FindingsFindings showed that the mean of patterns of environmental behavior among individuals is relatively high and the average of 5 is equal to 3.78. The average religiosity is 3.48. There is a direct relationship at the level of zero significance and a correlation of 0.465 between religiosity and environmental behavior; That is, with the increase in religiosity, the amount of environmental behavior also increases. Religiosity has a significant positive relationship with four dimensions of environmental behavior. A positive relationship was observed between the dimensions of religiosity and environmental behavior. The experimental dimension of religiosity has the highest correlation coefficient (0.515) and the ritual dimension of religiosity has the lowest correlation (0.373) with women's environmental behavior. Regression analysis showed that the dimensions of religiosity explain 29.1% of changes in women's environmental behavior. The highest direct effect has the experimental and belief dimension and the highest indirect effect has the belief and ritual dimension and the highest total effect has the belief and experimental dimension on women's environmental behavior. ConclusionEthical values can influence people's environmental behaviors. In this article, it was found that religiosity and religious values can affect environmental behaviors. There is a significant direct relationship (0.465) between religiosity and environmental behaviors of women. As religiosity increases, so does environmental behavior. The results are consistent with the theoretical model of Inglehart and Schwartz and the findings of Adhami, Akbarzadeh (2011), Nawah et al. (2011), Kalantari et al. (2015), Fazli (2014), Maleki, Abdollahi (2013), Haghighatian (2014) and Habibi , Ebrahimpour (2015). The result is that to increase the performance of environmental behaviors in the city of Sari, more attention should be paid to religiosity and the dimensions of religiosity and raising its indicators and components. Paying more attention to the respect, commitment, acceptance of customs and ideas offered by traditional culture or religion can play an important role in increasing the tendency towards women's environmental behaviors. The most important suggestions are to make women more familiar with the religious teachings related to environmental protection, spreading environmental awareness, transfer of environmental knowledge and information, and environmental socialization by family, school, environment, Social and community pointed out.
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