Guangxi Zhiwu (Jun 2023)
Essential oil components and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities in different parts of Citrus aurantium var. amara
Abstract
In order to comprehensively analyze the essential oil components, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the whole plant of Citrus aurantium var. amara, the essential oils from leaves, flowers and young fruits were extracted respectively by steam distillation (SD) and their chemical compositions were identified by GC-MS. Moreover, their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were evaluated and compared using in vitro methods. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 94 volatile components were isolated and identified from the essential oils of leaves, flowers and young fruits, there were some differences between three parts, of which 13 were common components. A total of 34 components were identified from leaves, and the major compounds were linalool (30.51%) and α-terpineol (14.78%); a total of 32 components were identified from flowers, the main components were linalool (57.59%) and d-limonene (16.15%); a total of 69 components were identified from young fruits, mainly containing d-limonene (25.55%) and γ-terpene (10.48%). (2) The essential oils from different parts showed different antioxidant activities. The IC50 values of essential oils from young fruits, leaves and flowers to ABTS free radicals were 2.6, 5.1 and 8.2 mg·mL-1, respectively, and the IC50 values to DPPH free radicals were 2.7, 4.3 and 5.0 mg·mL-1, respectively. The antioxidant activity of young fruits was better than that of leaves and flowers. (3) The essential oil from young fruits showed certain antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was better than the leaves and flowers. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the extraction and utilization of the essential oils from different parts of Citrus aurantium var. amara.
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