Heliyon (Oct 2023)
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using tea leaf extract (camellia sinensis) for photocatalyst and antibacterial effect
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (C. AgNPs) are synthesized by the biological reduction method using extracts from green tea leaves (Camellia Sinensis) collected from tea hills at an altitude of 100 m above the ground. The chemicals present in the tea leaf extract act as reducing agents used to reduce Ag+ ions to silver atoms to form C. AgNPs in the solution. In this work, we optimized the C. AgNPs synthesis process by investigating the influence of reaction parameters such as concentration of tea leaf extract (1 ppm–50 ppm), reaction temperature (30 °C-60 °C), reaction time (5 min–100 min), and reaction rate (400 rpm–800 rpm) through absorption UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopy X-ray. Organic compounds in tea leaf extract are detected by NMR measurement. The functional groups on the C. AgNPs are shown on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. The C. AgNPs are used to degrade MB dye at 10 ppm concentration based on the photocatalytic effect using a 6500 K white light source. The C. AgNPs have also been studied for their antibacterial activity on two bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.A) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.A), while a positive control is Ampicillin 50 mg/ml and a negative control is H2O. The results reveal that the C. AgNPs with diameters in the range of 25 nm–55 nm degrade 10 ppm MB dye after 1 h with photodegradation efficiency up to 96 %. The antibacterial ability of C. AgNPs against both bacteria is good, even superior to that of Ampicillin. Furthermore, the particle synthesis efficiency and therefore the antibacterial activity as well as the photodegradation effect of C. AgNPs are higher than previously reported. At the same time, using green tea leaf extract to synthesize C. AgNPs creates environmentally friendly products. These useful behaviors are the potential to increase the scope and applicability of C. AgNPs, especially for biomedical applications in the near future.
