351 Trends Between Periodontitis and Medial Arterial Calcification in Undiagnosed Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The overall objective of this study is to determine if medial arterial calcification (MAC) is an independent predictor of diabetes and to evaluate the relationship between MAC, periodontitis and Type II diabetes mellitus. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A retrospective case-control model analyzing radiographs for periodontitis and MAC to identify potential biomarkers for underlying systemic conditions, such as diabetes. Charts of patients attending UPENN School of Dental Medicine clinics between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed. Demographics, medical and dental history, diabetic status (identified by POC blood glucose level, fasting blood glucose and/or A1C), and medication history were documented amongst other variables. Patients aged 18 years or older with diabetes and having full mouth intraoral radiographs (FMX), panoramic radiographs and CBCTs were included. Patients with radiographs of poor quality were excluded. Multivariate analysis was used to determine possible associations between diabetes and periodontitis among persons with or without MAC. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In our pilot study involving 28 participants, 53% of the population with moderate or severe periodontitis had MAC. By the Fisher’s Exact Test, there was an association, meaning those with more periodontal disease are more likely to have MAC (p=0.014). Sixty-three percent of patients with diabetes had MAC, while 19% of patients without evidence of diabetes also had MAC, (p=0.067). There was not enough evidence of association between diabetes and presence of MAC at this time, due to a small sample size, however there was a high prevalence of MAC among the diabetics. We hypothesized that periodontitis, a condition that shares many risk factors with diabetes would also be associated with incident MAC. Findings from this study will be key for the implementation of preventive screening protocols and referral systems. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Diabetes is on the rise and about half of diabetics are undiagnosed. CBCT imaging frequently used in dentistry can detect incidental findings such as MAC. This study has the potential of detecting statistically significant links between MAC, periodontitis and diabetes, hence serving as a sensitive radiographic biomarker for diabetes.