Current approach in surgical management of dry eyes – Dry eye review II

Abstract

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tear film and ocular surface that manifests with symptoms of irritation, heaviness, visual acuity disturbance, and tear film instability with substantial damage to the ocular surface. It is characterized by inflammation of the ocular surface and increased osmolarity of the tear film. Due to the multifactorial and wide spectrum of etiology, it is often challenging to treat dry eyes. Comprehensive knowledge of pathophysiology, factors contributing to the disease process, and etiology of dry eye disease leads to more efficient management and treatment of the disease process. However, the treatment is marked by regional variation and differs among clinicians and ocular societies in terms of treatment options and diagnostic modalities available. Our previous review article was an intricate review of dry eye definition, epidemiology, classification, causes, diagnostic tests, management, and future trends of dry eye disease. This article will detail all the surgical management options available for dry eyes and recent upcoming modalities. This review aims to enlist all the surgical management options in a nutshell so that all the treating ophthalmologists, clinicians, cornea specialists, and dry eye experts have a detailed idea of the same and this article serves as a reference for better patient care.

Keywords

• dry eye
• dry eye syndrome
• multifactorial disease
• surgical treatment