Sox2 overexpression alleviates noise-induced hearing loss by inhibiting inflammation-related hair cell apoptosis

Abstract

Abstract Background The transcription factor Sox2 plays important roles in the developmental processes of multiple organs and tissues. However, whether Sox2 can protect mature or terminally differentiated cells against injury is still unknown. Methods We investigated the roles of Sox2 in cochlear hair cells, which are terminally differentiated cells, using conditional transgenic mice and several hearing loss models. Results Sox2 overexpression dramatically mitigated the degree of cochlear hair cell loss when exposed to ototoxic drugs. Noise-induced apoptosis of cochlear hair cells and hearing loss were also significantly alleviated by Sox2 overexpression. Notably, noise-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL6 was inhibited by Sox2 overexpression. Then we used lipopolysaccharide to clarify the effect of Sox2 on cochlear inflammation, and Sox2 overexpression significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors and alleviated inflammation-related cochlear hair cell death. Conclusions These results demonstrate a novel protective role of Sox2 in mature and terminally differentiated cochlear hair cells by inhibiting inflammation.

Keywords

• Sox2
• Cell protection
• Hearing loss
• Cochlear hair cells
• Apoptosis
• Inflammatory response