Focus on the Function and Mechanism of Pyroptosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

The most important and basic processe that occurs inside of cells is cell death. There are several regulated cell death mechanisms, such as pyroptosis, necroptosis and apoptosis. Distinct sets of host proteins that contribute to biological outcomes regulate all such activities. Caspases regulate the execution of processes like pyroptosis and apoptosis. Inflammatory caspases trigger the process of pyroptosis, which results in necrotic, inflammatory cell death that causes inflammatory illness, even though it acts as a defense mechanism against a variety of microorganisms. The autoimmune, chronic inflammatory illness named as ''rheumatoid arthritis (RA)''is characterized by inflammation in the joints caused by inflammatory- promoting cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Rheumatoid arthritis is mainly characterized by synovitis, which is followed by clinical manifestation like stiffness, pain, swelling in several joints, malaise and fever as well as involvement of organ that are extra-articular like, interstitial pneumonia. Soon after the outset, joint damage advances, and once the impacted joints are distorted, irreversible physical impairment starts to manifest. Clarifying the role of pyroptosis in RA was the main goal of this review.

Keywords

• Rheumatoid arthritis, Pyroptosis, Inflammasomes, Gasdermin D, Caspase 1